set book & voc

ღfatoshaღ

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السلام عليكم ورحمه الله وبركاته
شلونكم بنات شخباركم بنات انا بحط لكم الست بوك والقوواعد والكلمات ملوت هالكورس
بنات ما ابي شي منكم بس بليز ادعوولي ايب نسبه وان الله ياخذ حقي من الي ظلموني والي كسروا قلبي
وان الي ببالي يصير ولكم بالمثل يارب
والي تبي ترفع الموضوع رفع الله من شانها

هذا الست بوك (بنات انا نزلته بس احس انه مو واضح الي تبي ادزله لها بالمسن تضيفني ومايصير خاطرها الا طيب وهذا ايميلي [email protected]



GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 1 (LESSON 1+ 2)

1. What is the definition of the word "law " ?
The law is the code or set of rules which govern all individuals and organizations in
society.

2. Some actions have always been considered crimes almost everywhere . Mention two .
a. theft. b. murder.

3. What is the basic principle of most systems of laws ?
It's that a person is innocent until someone proves that they are guilty .

4. What do you know about Hammurabi's code of law ?
a. It was established nearly 4 thousand years ago.
b. It consisted of 282 laws.
c. Those laws governed : the family , work , personal property and trade.

5. Who makes laws ? who enforces them ?
a. governments make laws.
b. policemen and judges enforce them .

6. Who are the juries? What is their job ?
Juries are selected members of the public , they decide whether an accused person is
innocent or guilty.

7. What are the THREE main types of law ?
a. Criminal law : deals with murder ,and crime against property .

b. Civil law : deals with a wide range of actions from arguments between
neighbours to the behaviour of large companies

c. Family law : deals with family relationships ( marriage, adoption , welfare of
children )

8. What are "laws" backed by ?
They are backed by : penalties and punishments .
-Major punishment in case of murder, guilty person sent to prison
-Minor penalties in legal disputes the citizen pays a fine .

9. Why is it so important to have "laws " ?
Because without laws there would be chaos.

10. What Do you know about Kuwait Laws ?
a. They are made to protect the individual rights of the people living in Kuwait .
b. It has a well-structured and clearly –defined judiciary ( composed of summary , military , and religious courts )
c. Kuwait laws are drawn from the teaching of the Holy Quran
11. How do Islamic values influence the system of laws in Kuwait ?
a. It protects the rights of all people of all religious persuasions .
b. It ensures a safe , just and tolerant society .


12. What do we mean by a tolerant society ?
a. when the government protects the rights of all the citizens ( regardless their
religion or gender )
b. where justice and safety prevail .




GRADE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 1 ( LESSON 3 )

1. Mention some examples of old and new crimes .
a. Old crimes : a- theft b- fraud.
b. New crimes : identity theft by using computers .

2. Why do criminals use the Internet to communicate with each other ?
Criminals use the internet to pass on confidential information and plan crimes .

3. Why is computer crime on the increase ?
Computer crime is on the increase because the number of people who use internet
websites ,(to buy things , to book holidays, or to access their bank accounts ) is
growing.

4. What makes computer crimes more difficult to solve than traditional ones ?
a. Because Technological criminals are often invisible .
b. And their actions may be impossible to prove.
c. It's difficult to prosecute them because nothing is actually physically stolen or damaged .

5. Internet websites is a double edged weapon . Discuss.
a. Ordinary people may use it : a- to buy things , b- book holidays or c- to access their bank accounts to transfer money .

b. Technological criminals may use it : a- to find out confidential information ,
b- send damaging viruses , c- plan crimes d- persuade people to pay for worthless things or support fake charity organizations











GRADE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 1 LESSON (7 + 8)



1. What is meant by " culture of blame ' ?
People search for someone to blame for accidents that , in the past , they would have simply taken responsibility for themselves.

2. Some people are for solving minor issues in courts and some are against . Discuss each group's viewpoint .

For :
a- Supporters of litigations argue that the increase in court cases shows our courts are working properly .
b- The increase in legal cases reflects the society's desire to protect everyone from the effects of criminal neglect .
c- The increase in legal cases ensures that everyone has equal rights .

Against :

a- Such cases are a reflection of an emerging ' culture of blame ' .
b- Countless number of lawyers firms have sprung up specifically to deal with these cases.
c- Such petty grievances clog up courts and prevent prosecutions against real criminals .

3. What should happen to motorists who break the speed limits ?
a- They should be put in prison .
b- They should be asked to pay fines .
c- They should be banned from driving .
















Grade 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 1 LESSON (9 )


1. Computers play a vital role in our life. Explain .
The usage of computer is indispensable at home, at school and at work (airports , banks hospitals , media )

2.What did Kuwait do to upgrade the standard of its employees ?
The Kuwaiti government launched a " digital awareness programme " to train hundreds of thousands of employees in IT skills.

3. What problems or dangers are associated with using computers ?
a. a person becomes detached from his friends and family
b. children become isolated and fail to communicate.
c. computer addicts may suffer from eye-ache , headache , and obesity.

4. From your point of view , what are the advantages of computers ?
a. it saves time and effort.
b. it is an interesting means of entertainment .
c. it helps in varied research work
d. it keeps us in touch with latest news and inventions


GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 2 (LESSON 1+ 2)

1. Why do people leave their home countries?
a- To earn more money than they earn in their countries.
b- To seek a better life and high standard of living .
c- To escape from wars and destruction.

2- Mention some historical examples of migrations , where to and the reasons for it .

Examples Migration place Reasons

1 Irish United States of America -Some for economic benefit
-Others to escape starvation and seek a better life
2 European Kuwait -Kuwait needed skilled workers
- Workers came seeking better life and high standard of living
3 Spanish France , Britain and the United States of America -The effects of war, especially the killing of civilians



GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 2 (LESSON 3 )

1- What is meant by animal migration ?
The movement of an animal from the place where it has been living to a different place and the return journey to that animal's original home .

2- Why do animals usually migrate?
a-To find food or to raise their young.
b- To find warmer weather .

3- Many animals migrate to northern regions during the summer and to south in the autumn. Why ?
- Because the long summer days mean that there is always plenty of food.
- In the autumn when the weather gets colder , animals migrate south to find food and warmer weather.

4- How do animals know where to go when they migrate?
a-There are two theories ; firstly, some experts believe that animals have a kind of compass inside their head.
b- Others have suggested that they may use the sun and stars to help them find the way.

5- Ancient civilizations had many myths to explain the periodic appearance and disappearance of great number of animals. Give examples.
For example, they believed that tiny birds, called swallows, buried themselves in the mud at the bottom of lakes to get through the winter.






GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 2 (LESSON 4+5 )


1- What are the bad effects of earthquakes ?

a- People may be killed or seriously injured .
b- Buildings may be obliterated .









GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 2 (LESSON 7+8 )

1- What are the advantages of moving abroad ?
a- Earning more money .
b-Finding better life chances .
c- Finding better job opportunities .
d- Meeting new people .


2- What are the disadvantages of moving abroad ?
a- Suffering from homesickness .
b- Living away from family and friends .
c- Suffering from cultural differences .


GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 3 (LESSON 1+2 )

1- What is meant by human values ?
Human Values are one's judgments about what is important in life and they are an integral part of every culture .

2- Why are human values important ?
a- They generate behaviours .
b-They help people solve common human problems .
c- They help to understand people of different cultures .
d-They identify what should be judged as good or evil .

3- Mention some of the universal human values .
a- Compassion
b- Empathy
c- Respect
d- freedom
e- Tolerance

4- How do governments protect basic human rights ?
a- Establishing international organizations to embody these values .
b- Instituting policies which aim at human rights protection .

5- What is meant by compassion ?
Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings .

6- What is meant by freedom?
freedom doesn't mean simply acting as one wishes all the time , it means a balance between individuals freedoms and the needs of society as a whole .

7- What is meant by tolerance ?
The acceptance of people different from ourselves .

8- Why do countries have legislations
To protect minorities from abuse and discrimination .

9- Islam teaches us important human values . Explain .
a- Islam teaches us, a code of behaviour, conservation of social values and gives us a meaning for our existence .
b- It gives us a sense of self-respect
c- It teaches us about the virtues of family life and a cohesive society .
d- In Islam humiliating human beings is forbidden and they must be treated humanely.





GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 3 (LESSON 3 )

1- What are the aims of the KRCS ?
To protect and assist people in hardship and provide their basic human needs .

2- What does the KRCS stand for ?
It stands for the Kuwait Red Crescent Society .

3- What does the NGO stand for ?
Non governmental organization .

4- What do you know about the KRCS ?
a- The Kuwait Red Crescent Society is a voluntary humanitarian society that provides assistance to vulnerable people , without discrimination based on nationality , ethnicity , gender , race , colour or beliefs .
b- It works in conjunction with the government .
c- It works both within and outside Kuwait .

5- What does KRCS depend on to cry out many of its activities ?
a- On Youth people
b- On volunteers .

6- Volunteers play an important role in KRCS . Explain . ( Describe the ideal Red Crescent volunteer ) .
a- They support all the other committees by providing manpower and funds .
b- They work without the expectation of reward or praise .
c- They receive their first aid training from the Ministry of Health , then they work wherever they are needed .
d- They distribute food and aid to needy families .
e- The participate in awareness-raising activities in schools and universities .
f- outside Kuwait , they provide basic health care assistance and participate in rescue operations in the aftermath of natural disasters .
















GRA DE 12 MODULE ONE UNIT 3 (LESSON 9 )

1- What are the KRCS humanitarian projects ?
a- Feeding hungry children in famine
b- Building wells .
c- Providing education .
d- Providing shelters .

2- Whom does the KRCS help ?
a- Old people .
b- Hospital patients .
c- Disaster victims .
d- Hungry children .


3- What is the KRCS volunteers real reward ?
a- Their real reward is the chance to help others .
b- To restore the smile to a child's face .
c- To Change someone's life for the better .

GRA DE 12 MODULE 1 FOCUS ON

1- What is the Kuwait Foreign Diplomatic Institute ?
It is just the latest in a long line of moves made by the Kuwaiti government to extend the hand of friendship to other countries .

2- The Foreign Diplomatic Institute has three aims . Mention them .
a- The institute is a training institute . Its objective is such that the staff of the institute will be responsible for training all of Kuwait's diplomatic staff .
b- The institute will function as a government think- tank , conducting research on foreign policy that may ultimately influence many important decision taken by the government .
c- The institution is the organization of international seminars , conferences workshops and meetings with relevance to Kuwaiti foreign policy .


3- What kind of person does it take to become a successful diplomat ?
The main criteria for success as a diplomat are a- confidence
b- friendliness
c- willingness to work very ,very hard


* Are the following statements True ( T ) or False ( F ) ? Justify yonur answer ?

1- Some actions have always been considered crimes .
TRUE : Such as murder and theft .

2- In some legal systems , a person is presumed guilty until proven innocent .
FALSE: The basic principle of most systems of law is that someone is innocent until proven guilty .

3-The police and judges make laws.
FALSE : The governments make laws .

4- Criminal law deals with family relationships such as marriage .
FALSE : Criminal laws deals with murder and crime against property .

5- It's more difficult to solve computer crimes than traditional ones .
TRUE : Because technological criminals are invisible and nothing is actually physically stolen or damaged .

6- There are no problems associated with using computers .
FALSE : There are many problems associated with using computers such as being detached from friends and family . Also suffering from eye-ache , headache and obesity .

7- People leave their home countries for many reasons .
TRUE : They leave to earn more money or to seek a better life and high standard of living .

8- Migrating animals do not return to their original homes .
FALSE : They do return.

9- Most animals migrate to escape from their enemies .
FALSE : Most animals migrate to find food and raise their young .

10- Many animals migrates at the same time every year .
TRUE : Animal migration is a regular event .

11- Animals make the same journeys as their partners did .
TRUE : Animal migration happens in the same way from one generation to another .

12- Many animals migrate to the south in the summer .
FALSE : They migrate to the north in the summer

13- Scientists believe that migration has helped certain animals to survive .
TRUE : Animals which have moved to better environments have been most successful .

14- Moving abroad is always an advantage .
FALSE : Moving abroad has advantages and disadvantaged . Advantages like earning more money and finding better life chances .The disadvantages are suffering from homesickness or cultural differences .
15- Freedom means doing whatever you want to do .
FALSE : It means a balance between individuals freedoms and the need of society as a whole.

16- All countries should have legislations .
TRUE : To protect minorities from abuse and discrimination.

17- The KRCS was the first organization of its kind
FALSE : The KRCS joined a pre-existing international group of societies .

18- The KRCS has a mutually beneficial relationship with the government of Kuwait .
TRUE : The KRCS performs work that would drain governmental resources . In return , the government gives the volunteers training .

19- The volunteers for KRCS are extremely kind-hearted individuals .
TRUE: Their motivation is compassion and desire to assist those in need .

20- The only human needs are health care , water supplies and sustenance .
FALSE : People also need shelter , companionship or freedom .

21- The KRCS is run entirely by volunteers .
FALSE : The KRCS is supported by volunteers who raise funds and provide manpower .






GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 4 (LESSON 1+2 )

1- Define Desertification?
It is the process in which productive land changes into desert.

2- Where does desertification occur?
It usually occurs in dry areas where there is no rain and where the climate is harsh.

3- What are the causes of desertification ?
a- The natural changes in the climate .
b- The unacceptable activities of human beings .

4- Desertification is sometimes caused by Human Beings, How?
a- By farmers who overcultivate the land which makes the soil poor and unproductive.
b- By farmers who overgraze the land which kills off grass and other plants.
c- By loggers who cut down the trees which erodes the soil and causes deforestation .

5- What are the bad effects of desertification ?
a- The soil becomes poor and unproductive .
b- People may die because of shortages of food and water.
c- Desertification can create conditions which produce strong winds and treacherous wildfires .

6- What can the Government ( or the Public Authority for Agriculture and Fisheries do to encourage planting in Kuwait ?
a- Distributing free lands for citizens to cultivate them .
b- Provide farmers with seeds , tools , fertilizers , etc.
c- Supply farms with modern systems of irrigation .











GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 4 (LESSON 3 )

1- What's the importance of the Amazon rainforest ?
a- It's the home of at least 30 per cent of the world's animals and plants .
b- It's the home of 220,000 people from about 180 different tribes .
c- It controls the world's climate by taking in carbon dioxide and turning it into fresh air .
d- People depend on the rainforest for their food , tools , medicine , shelter , etc.

2- Why are the rain forests being destroyed?
a- Ranchers use the land for their cattle
b- Loggers sell the hard wood from the trees they cut down.
c- Oil companies try to find more oil.
d- Farmers try to make more land for Soya beans

3-What are most Soya beans used for?
a- They are used as animal food (chicken)
b- They are also used as food for human consumption.


GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 4 (LESSON 7+8 )


1- What's the importance of water ? Why is water important ?
a- Each cell in the body depends upon water in order to function.
b- Water plays an intrinsic role in agricultural production .
c- Water clears the toxic waste from different parts of the body.
d- Water prevents heart attacks and strokes.
e- Water increases efficiency at work.
f- Water will prevent stress, anxiety, and depression.

2- Mention some examples of wasteful use of water.
a- Running the tap while brushing the teeth .
b- washing cars with hose .
c- not fixing the leaking water pipes .
d- Wasting water with bathing and showing .

3- Suggest some ways to conserve water .
a- Turn off the water in the sink while you are brushing your teeth .
b- Take shorter showers or take a shallow bath .
c- check all water pipes for pin holes leaks .
d- use modern system of irrigation ( sprinkles , dropping ) .



GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 5 (LESSON 1+2 )

1- What's the meaning of recycling?
Recycling means processing objects and materials so they can be used again.

2- What are the recycled items ?
paper - glass - plastic - car batteries - fridges - wood - clothes and shoes - children's toys – books .

3- How do families help with recycling their waste?
Take all their waste glass , paper and old clothes to special collection points.

4- Why is it necessary to recycle our wastes ?
a- Because the earth is running out of resources .
b- We're running out of places to bury all our waste.
c-Burning our rubbish pollutes the atmosphere.

5- What is meant by green waste ?
Anything that has grown in the ground – grass, trees , leaves and plants .


6- How can we recycle green waste?
a- People have always burned wood for heat or to ****
b- Other green things are often used to help new plants grow.

7- How can we reduce most household rubbish?
supermarkets shouldn't sell far too many things with several layers of plastic or cardboard packaging.



8- What are the major environmental issues that concern people ?
a- Caring for the environment .
b- Using the world's resources in moderation .
c- Protecting endangered species .






GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 5 (LESSON 3 )



1- What is paper made of?
Cloth – cotton fiber – grass – and sugar cane and wood pulp .



2- What's the role of Kuwait in the process of recycling papers ?
Kuwait is building recycling centers with one partnership between a major private company and a university .


3- What are the benefits of recycling papers ?
a- For every tone of paper used for recycling, we save 30,000 litres of water, 3000-4000 kwh of electricity, and produce 95% less air pollution.
b- Recycling paper is less harmful to the environment than burying it in landfill sites.

4- It is not entirely true that recycling paper saves trees. Explain
a- Trees are a commercially grown long –term crop, so that when they are cut down m new ones are planted .
b- Papermakers use the parts of trees that cannot be used in other industries such as building and furniture making .





GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 5 (LESSON 7+8 )


1- Where can we get waste to recycle ?
a-Collection from people’s homes
b-Collection points

GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 6 (LESSON 1+2 )

1- Mention some characteristics of the panda ?
a- The Panda is one of the most reticent and lives a solitary life.
b- It Spends about twelve hours everyday feeding and the remaining time sleeping or resting
c- It lives in cold , damp conditions.
d-It is very good at climbing.

2- How can Pandas avoid their enemies ?
a- By climbing up the nearest tree for refuge . ( They are very good at climbing ) .
b- Their acute hearing also helps them to avoid their enemies .

3- Mention some of the Panda's enemies .
a- Brown bears .
b- Leopards .
c- Humans .


4- What do pandas feed on ?
a- leaves . b- stem c- shoots d- roots of bamboo plants
e- fruit f- eggs g- fish

5- Mention some solutions to save pandas lives?
a- Banning hunting pandas . Anyone who is caught hunting pandas is severely punished.
b- Setting up special expansive reservations for pandas .



GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 6 (LESSON 3 )



1-Mention some types of plants and how they protect themselves from animals ?

Type of plant Protects itself with/by
Cactus Sharp thorns
Nettle Injecting painful and irritating substances
Acacia ants
Horse chestnut A sticky substance
Venus flytrap Consuming insects



2- What are the plant's enemies ?
a- mammals .
b- insects .
c- birds .



GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 6 (LESSON 4+5 )


1- What are the importance of plants ?
a- Plants provide nourishment .
b- They enrich the soil .
c- They protect the soil from erosion .
d- They produce the oxygen we need to breathe
e- They provide us with medicine , oil , perfumes , waxes , fibers timbers and fuel .


2- Islam encourages people to cultivate vegetation . How ?
a- The Prophet Mohammed ( peace and blessing of Allah be upon him ) said that any Muslim who plants vegetation and eats from it or allow another man , animal or bird to eat from it will receive recompense from Allah .
b- The Prophet Mohammed ( peace and blessing of Allah be upon him ) said that anyone who plants a tree under which people can seek shade or shelter from the sun will have his reward with Allah .

3- Our religion is against cutting down the trees, why?
a- Because it encroaches on the bounty of all .
b- It disturbs the beauty of the environment which Allah has created.


GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 6 (LESSON 7+8 )


1- What are the benefits of the housing project ?
a- It will help to improve the local economy .
b- It will help the town to expand and modernize .






GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO UNIT 6 (LESSON 9 )


1- What is meant by reclamation ?
Taking land from the sea or from marshes in order to create farmland , housing , resorts and even shopping centres .

2- Are you for or against land reclamation ? Why ?
For because :
a- Land reclamation is a vital procedure for continuing human development .
b- It alleviates issues such as overcrowding and sanitation
c- It alleviates hunger by draining swamp and marshlands to create agricultural areas .

Against because :
a- It disrupts local environment .
b- Damage can occur to coral reefs and other underwater habitats .
c- It can affect species such as rare migratory birds .






GRA DE 12 MODULE TWO FOCUS ON


1- Why was the Arfaj chosen as the Kuwaiti national flower ?
a- Because of its historic significance of Kuwaitis .
b- It was used as a natural medicine .
c- It was a source of bedding and firewood .
d- It was a food source for sheep


2- By Protecting rare plants , we are protecting a part of Kuwait itself . Explain .

a- Because rare plants such as Arfaj is considered the national flower of Kuwait .
b- Such plant is considered Kuwait's natural heritage , so we are protecting our heritage .
 

ღfatoshaღ

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رد : set book & voc

وهذول الكلمات ومعانيهم عربي وانجليزي

Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 1 Lesson 1+2
WORD MEANING
التبنى adoption ( n ) The action or fact of legally taking another's child and bring it up as one's own
مدني civil ( adj. ) Relating to private relations between members of a community ; noncriminal
مجموعة من القوانين code of law (n ) A set of rules and standards adhered to by a society
استشارة consultation ( n )
The action or process of formally consulting or discussing
يعرف / يوضح define ( v ) To state or describe exactly the nature , scope , or meaning of
ينفذ /يفرض بالقوة enforce (v ) To put into practice ; to carry out
يحكم govern ( v )
To control
متهم guilty ( adj. )
Responsible for a crime
يفرض شئ impose ( v ) To require ( a duty , charge , or penalty ) to be undertaken or paid
برئ innocent ( adj )
Not guilty of crime or offence
السلطة القضائية judiciary ( n )
The judicial authorities of a country; judges collectively
هيئة المحلفين jury ( n ) Group of people in court who decide whether someone is guilty
قانونى legal ( adj. )
Appointed or required by the law
عقاب / جزاء penalty ( n )
A punishment imposed for breaking the law
معتقدات persuasion ( n )
A belief or set of beliefs
قانون / معتقد principle ( n )
Rule – belief
ممتلكات property ( n ) Something valuable which belongs to someone

يثبت prove (v ) To show that something is true by providing facts, information etc.
متسامح /قادر على التسامح tolerant ( adj ) Showing willingness to allow the existence of opinions or behavior that one not necessarily agree with
العنف violence ( n ) The unlawful exercise of physical force or intimidation by the exhibition of such force
مصلحة welfare ( n ) The health happiness and fortunes of a person or group


Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 1 Lesson 3 ( WB )
WORD MEANING
يقتحم break into ( ph.v )
To enter by force
شئ مزيف fake ( adj. ) Not real and seeming to be something it is not , in order to deceive people
خفى / لا يرى invisible ( adj. )
Cannot be seen
مستخدم التكنولوجيا في الجريمة techno-criminal (n ) A person who has committed a crime using technology
بلا قيمة worthless ( adj. )
Having no value , importance or use
















Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 1 Lesson 4+5
WORD MEANING
1- مقعد
2- منصة
3- مكتب القاضى bench (n ) 1. a long seat for several people , typically made of wood or stone .2 a seat in parliament for politicians of a specified party or position . 3. ( the bench ) the office of judge or magistrate.
1-موجز
2-ملخص
3-مذكرة بأهم وقائع الدعوى
القانونية و نقاطها brief ( n ) 1.a digest or synopsis of a larger ******** or group of ********s 2. an outline or summary , for example , of a book 3. an outline of how legal case will be argued , together with evidence and supporting statements submitted by an attorney to a court prior to a trial
1-دعوى قضائية
2- صندوق / علبة

case ( n ) 1. a legal action , esp. one to be decided in a court law 2. a flat , rectangular container , typically made of leather , for putting your things in it .
1- دفاع
2- محامو المدعى عليه
defence ( n ) 1. the action of defending from or resisting attack . 2.(usu. The defence ) the counsel for the defendant in a lawsuit.
قيد / صفد
handcuffs ( n ) A pair of lockable linked ****l rings for securing a prisoner's wrists
-1 مفكرة
2- مذكرة رسمية
3- ورقة نقدية
4- نغمة موسيقية
note ( n ) 1. a brief record of facts , topics , or thoughts , written down as an aid to memory 2. an official letter sent from the representative of one government or another . 3.Brit. a banknote ; a ten pound note 4. a single tone of definite pitch made by a musical instrument or the human voice.
1- يلاحظ
2- يدون note ( v ) To notice or pay particular attention to ( something ) 2. to record (something )in writing .
يحاكم / يقاضى prosecute (v ) to institute legal proceedings against (a person or organization )
صف
row (n ) 1.things or people that are arranged in a line that is usually straight ,or the line itself .2.a line of seats in a theatre , lecture hall, or similar public place.
يجد ف row ( v ) To propel ( a boat ) with oars

1- زنبرك
2- فصل الربيع spring (n ) 1.aresilient ****l coil used especially for cushioning and in clockwork .2. the season of the year between winter and summer during which many plants bring forth leaves and flowers .






Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 1 Lesson 7+8
WORD MEANING
يدعي claim (v ) To state or assert that something is the case , typically without providing evidence or proof
يعوق / يسد clog up (ph.v )
To prevent things from being dealt with as quickly as usual
يجادل / يؤكد contend ( v )
To assert something as a position in an argument
شكوى رسمية grievance (n ) An official statement of a complaint over something believed to be wrong or unfair.
لمصلحة
in favour of (expression) To the advantage of
ينوي intend ( v ) To have ( a course of action )as one's purpose or objective ; plan
مقاضاة litigation (n )
The process of taking claims to a court law
صغير / ثانوي petty (adj )
Of little importance ; trivial
بصرف النظر عن / مهما يكن regardless (adv ) Without being affected by something
منطقة سكنية residential area (n ) A part of a town that consists of private houses, with no offices or factories
حد السرعة speed limit (n ) The fastest speed allowed by law on a particular piece of road .
يقاضى sue (v ) To make a legal claim against someone , especially for money ,because they have harmed you in some way.
مؤيد supporter (n ) Someone who agrees with a particular person , group or plan.
فى النهاية
ultimately (adv) Finally , after everything else has been done or considered.


Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 2 Lesson 1+2
WORD MEANING
يوفر / يقدم afford (v)
To provide something or allow something to happen.
ازدهار boom (n)
Increase in business.
يدمر decimate (v)
To destroy a large part of something.
يتدهور deteriorate (v)
To become worse.
يهاجر emigrate (v) To leave your own country in order to live in another country.
مجاعة famine (n) A situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for along time and many people die.
أجنبي foreign (adj.)
From or relating to a country that is not your own.
صعب الحصول hard-pressed (adj.)
Having a lot of problems and not enough money or time.
مستخدمه احدث التكنولوجيا high-tech (adj.) Using advanced technology.
يجعل من الضروري necessitate (v) To make it necessary for you to do something.
يسعى إلى seek (v)
To try to achieve or get something .
لسوء الحظ unfortunately (adv) Used when you are mentioning a fact that you wish were not true.


Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 2 Lesson 3 ( WB )
WORD MEANING
بدلا instead (adv)
As an alternative or substitute.
متكرر - دوري periodic (adj.)
Happening a number of times , usually at regular times.
كثير من plenty of (pronoun)
A large quantity that is enough or more than enough.
طائر السنونو swallow (n) A migratory swift-flying songbird with a forked tail and long pointed wings, feeding on insects in flight.


Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 2 Lesson 4+5
WORD MEANING
محبط disgruntled (adj.) Annoyed or disappointed, especially because things have not happened in the way that you wanted.
ينقل/ يهجر displace (v) To make a group of people or animals have to leave the place where they normally live.
جماعي / نطاق واسع mass (adj.) Involving or intended for a very large number of people.
شديد الدقة meticulous (adj.) Very careful about small details and always making sure that everything is done correctly.
مهاجر migrant (n) Someone who goes to live in another area or country, especially in order to find work.
يمحى / يزيل الأثر obliterate (v) To destroy something completely so that nothing remains.
قلق / منزعج perturbed (adj.)
Worried about something that has happened or will happen.
منتجع resort (n)
A place where a lot of people go for holidays.
شق / صدع rift (n)
A crack or narrow opening in a large mass of rock.
Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 2 Lesson 7+8
WORD MEANING
حيوي animated (adj.)
Showing a lot of interest and energy.
شاق arduous (adj.)
Involving a lot of strength and effort.
ينشغل في engage in (phrasal verb) To be involved in something , especially something that continues for a long time.
عظيم / كبير major (adj) Very large or important , when compared to other things or people of a similar kind.
صغير جدا / طفيف minor (adj) Small and not very important or serious, especially when compared with other things.
بانفعال أو بعصبيه nervously (adv) Anxiously.
يستأجر rent (v) To regularly pay money to live in a house or room that belongs to someone else, or to use something that belongs to someone else.
يقيم / يستوطن reside (v)
To live in a particular place.
مرهق- شاق strenuous (adj.)
Needing a lot of effort or strength.
يلتقط أنفاسه take a breather (expression) Take a brief pause for rest.
Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 3 Lesson 1+2
WORD MEANING
إساءة / تعسف Abuse ( n )
Cruel and violent treatment of a person .
العالم بعلم الإنسان Anthropologist ( n ) A person who studies people , their societies , cultures , ect.
واضح Apparent ( adj. )
Clearly visible or understood .
ميزة / صفة Attribute ( n ) A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something .
خيري Charitable ( adj. )
Of or relating to the assistance of those in need .
شفقة / تعاطف Compassion ( n ) Sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others .
تمييز Discrimination ( n ) The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people esp . on the grounds of race , age , or gender .
التنوع
Diversity ( n ) The state of being diverse ; variety ; a range of different things .
التعاطف Empathy ( n ) The ability to understand and share the feeling of another .
الاثنوجرافي ( عالم في وصف السلوك الثقافي ) Ethnographer ( n ) A person whose job is to describe the customs of individual peoples and cultures .
دافع Impulse ( n ) A sudden strong and unreflective urge to act .
غير قادر Incapable ( adj ) Not able to do something .
لا مفر منه / محتوم Inevitable ( adj ) Certain to happen ; unavoidable .
تشريع Legislation Laws considered collectively .

الحرية Liberty ( n ) The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life behavior or political views .
الأقليات
Minority ( n ) The smaller number or part , specially a number that is less than half the whole number .
نظرة عامة Overview ( n ) A general review or summary of a subject .
التسامح Tolerance ( n ) The ability or willingness to accept something , in particular the existence of opinions or behavior that one doesn't necessarily agree with .
العالمي Universal ( adj ) Applicable to all cases .
قيمة Value ( v ) Consider ( someone or something ) to be important or beneficial ; have a high opinion of .

Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 3 Lesson 3 ( WB )
WORD MEANING
أعقاب
نتيجة Aftermath ( n ) The consequence of an event , especially a disastrous one , or the period of time during which these consequences are felt .
ينشر Deploy ( v )
To put something to use .
الأعراق Ethnicity ( n )
Ethnic affiliation or distinctiveness
معاناة Hardship ( n ) Difficulty or suffering caused by a lack of something , especially money .
تطوعي Voluntary ( adj. ) Done or given freely with no promise of money or other recompense strongly .
غير حصين / معرض للأذى Vulnerable ( adj. ) Susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm .















Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 3 Lesson 4+5
WORD MEANING
عدواني Aggressive ( adj ) Ready or likely to attack or confront ; characterized by or resulting from hostile or violent behavior .
بعطف Compassionately
( adv ) Sympathetically
يندم بعد فوات الأوان Cry over spilt milk
( idiom ) To regret something after it is too late .
حق الاقتراع Enfranchisement ( n )
The act of giving a group of people the right to vote .
مبالغ فيه Extravagant ( adj. )
Exceeding what is reasonable or appropriate ; abused .
ضعيف Frail ( adj. )
Weak and delicate .
موقف صعب Over a barrel ( idiom )
In a helpless position .
كبير في السن Over the hill ( idiom )
Old and past one's prime .
موقف مبالغ فيه Over the top ( idiom ) To an excessive or exaggerated degree , in particular so as to go beyond reasonable or acceptable limits .
حق الاقتراع
Suffrage ( n ) The right to vote in political election .
يساعد
Tide someone over
( idiom ) Help out , assist , aid .














Grade 12
Module 1 Unit 3 Lesson 7+8
WORD MEANING
يخفف Alleviate ( v )
To make ( suffering , deficiency , or a problem ) less sever
استغاثة
نداء Appeal ( n ) A serious or urgent request, typically one made to the public .
يتفادى
يتجنب Avert ( v )
To prevent or ward off ( an undesirable occurrence )
حملة Campaign (n)
An organized course of action to achieve a particular goal .
التزام Commitment ( n ) An engagement or obligation that restricts freedom of action
ملح Dire ( adj. )
( of a situation or event ) extremely serious or urgent .
يتبرع Donate ( v ) To give ( money or goods ) for a good cause , for example to a charity .
شامل Extensive ( adj. )
Large in size , amount or degree .
إنساني Humanitarian (adj. )
Concerned with or seeking to promote human welfare .
بسرعة In leaps and pounds ( expression ) Rapidly , swiftly .
المحرومة Underprivileged
( adj. ) Deprived of many of the rights and privileges enjoyed by most people in society , usually as a result of poverty











Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 4 Lesson 1+2
WORD MEANING
مناخ Climate (n.)
Weather conditions in an area over a period of time
التصحر Desertification (n.) The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or in appropriate agriculture
يدمر Erode (v.)
To destroy slowly
يرعى Graze (v.)
To put animals in a field so that they can eat the grass
قاسي Harsh (adj.)
Unpleasantly rough
بتزايد Increasingly (adv.)
Increasing over time
يقضي على Kill off (phrasal verb) To destroy something utterly, or destroy the remaining members of group of people or creatures
إنهاك التربة زراعيا Overcultivate (v.) To cultivate too much, more than you should
دائما Permanently (adv.)
lastingly
يعجل أو يقرب Precipitate (v.) To cause an event or situation, typically one that is bad or undesirable to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely
منتجة Productive (adj.) Producing or able to produce large amounts of goods, crops or other commodities
جزء Proportion (n.) A part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole
تربة Soil (n.)
The top layer of the earth in which plants grow
خطر Treacherous (adj.) Hazardous because of presenting hidden or unpredictable dangers
غير منتجة Unproductive (adj.) Not producing or able to produce large amounts of goods, crops, or other commodities
يبعد Wash away (phrasal verb) If water washes something away, it carries it away, usually with great force
حرائق Wild fire (n.) A large, destructive forest, or brush, fire that spread quickly





Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 4 Lesson 3
WORD MEANING
على حساب احد At the expense of
(expression)
So as to cause harm to or neglect of
مدهش Devastating (adj.)
Very impressive or effective
الحطاب Logger (n.)
A person who fells trees for timber, a lumberjack
ضروري أو مهم Vital (adj.) Extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist























Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 4 Lesson 4+5
WORD MEANING
جاف أو قاحل Arid (adj.) (of land or a climate) having little or no rain, too dry or barren to support vegetarian
الغلاف الجوى(محيط هوائي) Atmosphere (n.) The mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
خط الاستواء Equator n.) An imaginary line drawn around the earth equally distant from both poles, dividing the earth into northern and southern hemisphere and constituting the parallel of latitude 0
فيضان Flooding (n.) An over flowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, esp. over what is normally dry land
تنبؤات او توقعات الطقس Forecasting (n.) A prediction or estimate of future events, esp. coming weather or financial trend
بارد جدا Frigid(adj.)
Very cold in temperature
رطب Humid (adj.) Marked by a relatively high level water vapor in the atmosphere
يسيء التصرف Misbehave (v.) To fail to conduct oneself in away that is acceptable to others, behave badly
يزرع Planting (v.) To place (a seed, bulb, or plant) in the ground so that it can grow
سائد - منتشر Prevailing (adj.)
Widespread in a particular area at a particular time, current
يستصلح Reclaim (v.) To bring(waste land or land formerly under water) under cultivation












Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 4 Lesson 7+8
WORD MEANING
يقلص / يقلل Curtail (v.)
To reduce in extent or quantity, to impose a restriction on
صعوبة أو عقبة Hurdle (n.)
An obstacle or difficulty
يطبق Implement (v.)
To put into effect
جوهري أو أساسي Intrinsic (adj.) Belonging naturally, essential
ندرة / قلة Paucity (n.) The presence of something only in a small or insufficient quantities or amount, scarcity
الحفاظ على Preservation (n.)
The action of maintaining something in its original
يتغلب على Prevail over (phrasal verb) To prove more powerful than opposing forces, be victorious
ندرة / قلة Scarcity (n.)
Insufficiency, shortage
يترأس / يتقدم Spearhead (n.) An individual or group chosen to lead an attack or movement.
لا مبرر له Unwarranted (adj.)
Not justified or authorized








Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 5 Lesson 1+2

WORD MEANING
منطقة تجميع النفايات Collection points ( n ) Particular spots, places, or positions in an area where rubbish or litter is gathered
يوافق concur ( v) To be of the same opinion; to agree

أزمة crisis ( n ) A time of intense difficulty, trouble or danger

المكائن machinery ( n )
Machines collectively

مخالفة offence ( n ) A breach of a law or rule; an illegal act

يشرع القانون Pass a law ( expression ) To approve or put into effect ( a proposal or law ) by voting on it

بصورة مرتفعة prohibitively ( adv ) ( of a price or charge ) excessively high

يعاد استخدامه reprocess ( v) To process ( something, esp. spent nuclear fuel) again or differently, typically in order to reuse it


Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 5 Lesson 3

WORD MEANING
تجارياٍ commercially ( adv ) In commercial terms or from a profit- making point of view

الشراكة partnership ( n) A relationship between two people, organizations, or countries

لب الخشب
Wood pulp ( n )
Wood crushed into a soft mass, used for making paper







Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 5 Lesson 4+5

WORD MEANING
الإدارة administration (n ) The process or activity of running a business, organization
الإزعاج annoyance (n) The feeling or state of being annoyed; irritation

البيروقراطية bureaucracy ( n ) A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
يواجه come up against (phrasal verb) To meet; to face

النقد criticism ( n ) The expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes

يقلل cut down on ( phrasal verb) To reduce

يتخلص من get rid of
(phrasal verb) To dispose of, throw away
يساير يوافق / go along with
(phrasal verb) To give one’s consent or agreement to a person or their views
الفرن المحرقة / incinerator
(n) An apparatus for burning waste material, esp. industrial waste, at high temperatures until it is reduced to ash
الغضب irritation
(n) The state of feeling annoyed, impatient, or angry
يواكب keep up with
(phrasal verb) To know the latest information about
التغليف Packaging
( n) Materials used to wrap or protect goods
العمل الكتابي Paperwork (n) Routine work involving written ********s such as forms, records, or letters
يتحمل put up with ( phrasal verb ) To accept, stand, tolerate (something unpleasant )
عمل إداري red tape
( idiom) Paperwork and administration
يستنفد run out of (phrasal verb) ( of a supply of something ) to be used up




Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 5 Lesson 7+8


WORD MEANING
المكونات component ( n ) A part or element of a larger whole of a larger whole

يستخدم السماد compost( v ) To make ( vegetable matter or manure ) into decayed organic material used as a plant fertilizer

ثابت بشكل منتظم constant ( adj ) Occurring continuously over a period of time

جزء من كل constituent ( n ) Being a part of whole

الفترة duration ( n ) The time during which something continues

مشجع heartening ( adj) Inspiring, elevating

مخلفات المنزل Household waste (n) Material that is not wanted at home
الحرق Incineration
(n) The process of destroying ( something, esp. waste material) by burning
مادة Material (n)
The matter from which a thing is or can be made
كمية Quantity(n)
Amount or number of something
اتجاه- توجه Trend(n) A general direction in which something is developing or changing
زيادة Upsurge (n) An upward surge in the strength or quantity of something; an increase



Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 6 Lesson 1+2
WORD MEANING
حاد acute ( adj. ) Acute senses such as hearing , taste, etc are very good and sensitive
يتجنب/ يتفادى Avoid ( v) To keep away from or stop oneself from doing something
رطب damp( adj.)
Slightly wet
فسيح expansive ( adj. ) Covering a wide area in terms of space or scope ; extensive or wide-ranging
انقراض Extinction (n ) The state or process of a species being or becoming extinct
فاتن Fascinating ( adj.) Extremely interesting
سبات Hibernate ( v ) To sleep during the winter
دائم Permanent ( adj. ) Lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged
يشكل Pose ( v ) To present or constitute
ملجأ Refuge ( n ) Shelter or protection from someone or something
حفظ Reservation ( n ) The action of reserving something
جبان Reticent ( adj. ) Easily frightened / timid
وحيد Solitary ( adj. ) Done or existing alone
جذع Stem ( n) The long thin part of a plant , from which leaves , flowers or fruit grow
يهدد Threatened ( v ) endangered
جبان Timid ( adj.) Showing a lack of courage or confidence; easily frightened



Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 6 Lesson 3

WORD MEANING
لاحم / آكل اللحوم carnivorous ( adj. ) An animal that eats flesh
العدو enemy ( n ) A thing that harms or weakens something else
يحقن Inject ( v ) To put liquid in to someone's body by using a special needle
لدغ Sting ( n ) The sharp needle –shaped part of an insect's or animal's body, with which it stings
Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 6 Lesson 4+5
WORD MEANING
واعي / مدرك aware( adj. ) Having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact
سخاء bounty( n ) An abundance or plenty
يزرع cultivate ( v ) To grow, raise plant, sow
يتجاوز/ يتعدى على encroach( v ) To intrude on a person's territory or a thing considered to be a right
ينمو grow ( v ) To become larger or greater over a period of time

غير شرعي illegitimate (adj. ) Not authorized by the law ; not in accordance with accepted standards or rules
تغذية nourishment ( n ) Food, or the valuable substances in food that a person requires to live , grow or remain fit and healthy
جزاء recompense ( n )
Compensation or reward given for effort made
مكافأة reward ( n ) A thing given in recognition of service , effort or achievement
يتعدى على Trespass on (phr. v ) To make unfair claims on or take advantage of something
غير مرخص unsanctioned (adj ) Illegal, unofficial, unauthorized
ثروة wealth (n) An abundance of valuable possessions

Grade 12
Module 2 Unit 6 Lesson 7+8

WORD MEANING
المزدهرة burgeoning ( adj ) Growing or expanding rapidly
إجماع consensus ( n)
General agreement
قلة dearth( n)
A scarcity or lack of something
يتخرج graduate ( v ) To successfully complete an academic degree, course of training
إسكان housing (n ) Houses and apartments considered collectively
ُمسبب Knock-on (adj) Of a process in which everything that happens causes something else to happen
يستخدم Utilize ( v ) To make practical and effective use of
بصوت عالي vociferously ( adv ) Enthusiastically, loudly
الأراضي السبخة Wetland ( n ) Land consisting of marshes or swamps ; saturated land



وتقبلوا مروري

بنات ادري انه صاير ع بعضه بس ما اعرف احمله وانزله
الي تبيه تضيفني وادز لها ياه من عيووني فديتكم خواتي
 

ღfatoshaღ

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حياتي تسلمين يارب ولج بالمثل ان شاء الله يا قلبي
 
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my Room ;*
,,,

تسلميــــــــن يالغلا والله يوفقج يــــــارب ويوفقنــــــــا معاج ;)

يعطيــــــج العافيــــــــه حبيبتي


,,,
 

"coco"

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احلى بلد q8
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مشكوووووووووورة يا بعد عمري و الله يوفقج و يخليج من الناجحين الفايزين
 

ღfatoshaღ

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فديت كل الي ردوا ولكم بالمثل وربي لا يحرمني من طلتكم الحلوه يا احلا خوات

بنات هذول حق 12