Paragraph writing
يطلب منك في الامتحان كتابة لا يقل عن 8 سطور وربما يعطيك أفكار تستعين بها في كتابة الموضوع كما أنه قد يطلب منك كتابة فقرتين (خاص بالمرحلة الثانية) كل فقرة لا تقل عن خمسة سطور
Example:
Write a paragraph on:
The problem of over population
**You may make use of the following points:
1- How serious the problem is.
2- What everyone should do to overcome the problem.
Pay attention to the following
1- يجب أن تبدأ بحرف capital وضع full stop في نهاية كل جملة وعلامة استفهام في نهاية السؤال.
2- ابدأ بحرف capital بعد كل full stop أو an interrogation mark
3- ابدأ ( your key sentence ) بأي من العبارات الافتتاحية مثل:
- As matter of fact ………………
- In fact ………………………….
- There is no doubt that …………
- No one can deny that ………….
E.g.:
As a matter of fact over population is a serious problem.
عندما تريد أن تعبر عن حقيقة أو فكرة واحدة يجب أن تستخدم جملة بسيطة ولذلك يجب أن تراعي أن تكتب جملة بسيطة وذلك بدراسة
( word order )
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
subject - verb - object - manner - place - time.
4- إذا أردت التعبير عن فكرتين اربط الجملتين مستخدما أداة ربط مناسبة مثال:
Over population is a serious problem.
We must do something to overcome it.
Over population is a serious problem therefore ( and so ) we must do something to overcome it.
5- للتعبير عن الغرض أو السبب أو الشرط أو التناقض استخدم أداة ربط مناسبة
(A) Over population is a very serious problem. It threatens our development plans.
Over population is a very serious problem because it threatens our development plans.
(B) We must do something. We want to overcome this problem.
- We must do something in order that (so that )we may overcome this Problem .
(Or)
- We must do something in order to overcome this problem.
• لاحظ عند الكتابة أسس وخصائص الجملة في اللغة الإنجليزية والتي تبدأ عادة بالفاعل ثم الفعل – الصفة قبل الموصوف- الزمن يأتي في نهاية الجملة أو بدايتها
• يجب ملاحظة زمن الفعل بحيث يتلاءم مع نوع الموضوع فإذا كان موضوعا عاما فالأفعال كلها مضارع أما إذا كان الموضوع قصة فالأفعال كلها ماضي
• وهنا أقدم لك جملة وعبارات هامة نستخدمها في كتابة موضوعات الإنشاء بكل أنواعها إيجابية –سلبية- مشاكل)
أولا – الموضوعات الإيجابية
Television/Reading/Technology/Education/Science/Industry/Tourism / camps /sports / Educational programme /libraries / agriculture/food security / space travel /hobbies.
• ……… aims at filling the youth’s leisure time with what benefits them and develops their lingual and cultural wealth.
• ……… is an interesting means of spending leisure time and it adds more to our information.
• Nobody denies the effect of ……… on the life of people. It makes them healthier and happier.
• Mass media should throw the light on …….. and its effect on society.
• ……. Leads to raising the standard of living and puts an end to many of our present problems.
• …….. is considered an important source of national income and hard currency.
• ……. Helps the state to carry out important projects and benefits the investor.
• ……. Is the basis of our progress in all fields and leads to happy life .
• we have to car for ……… at school and universities to bring up the youth to serve their country.
جمل ختامية للموضوعات الإيجابية
• Without …….. Our life would be dull and hard.
• In short we can say that ……. builds the Egyptian citizen who is able to face the future and to create a productive society.
ثانيا: جمل للمشاكل
• The problem of housing /The problem of birth control/The problem of population /The rise in prices ………………………
• Every Egyptian understands our problem and does his best to solve them.
• We will not be able to (overcome – solve) our economic problem except by increasing production
• The government and individuals should co-operate to overcome the problem of ……………
• As a matter of fact the problem of ……….. is a serious problem because it threatens our development plans.
Smoking – illiteracy – addiction – terrorism.
• ………. is among the most dangerous reasons for the spread of diseases.
• Mass media should throw the light on …… … and its risks on society.
• More efforts muse be exerted to stamp out …….. which is considered an insult to our country.
• ……….. leads to ruin and destruction and prevents the country from making progress
• ……… destroys civilization and changes progress into backwardness.
• The government and the people should work together to root out ……
ـــــــــ is / are considered one of the most important things that we should do our best to achieve it . _____________ has / have a lot of benefits and advantages which lead to success in different fields of our life . the government should do its best to help and support ______________ in all ways as possible .
Really, ــــــــــ has/have a lot of great importance and great effects on our life, our society and our future.
ـ is considered one of the severest problems that we suffer from in our recent days . ـــــــــــ has a lot of drawback and disadvantages which hinder success and progress in different fields of our life . the government should do its best to get rid of this serious problem
This problem leads to many other problems such as deviation, extremism, terrorism and the spread of crime.
Positive Subject
It can’t be denied that……….plays a prominent role in our life .
It helps us to achieve progress and development .we should co-operate to achieve this noble aim . We have to pave the way for the new generation. There is no doubt that people are aware of the……..In my opinion everyone should contribute to achieve welfare and prosperity. I can’t imagine life without ………..life without …………is dull .we have to devote all our efforts to increase our…………………………
Negative subject
……………………...is the most pressing problem that we face nowadays .
We should make the best use of ………….The solution to the problem of …………..lies in …………As a matter of fact …………has become a serious problem .We all should take part in finding a solution for this pressing problem .No-one can deny that …………..has a bad effect on our society .It can destroy our youth.
Briefly speaking……………………………………………
It’s no use …………………………………………….………..لا جدوى من
Make a good use of ……………………………………..يستغل استغلالا جيدا
one of our chief sources…………………………….…أحد مصادرنا الرئيسية
Well known for ………………………………….…..………معروف جيدا بـ
Does his best ……………………………………….….…يبذل قصارى جهده
Exert great effort ……………………………………...……يبذل مجهود كبير
In a bad need of …………………………………………..في حاجة ماسة لـــ
One of our most difficult problems …………………….أحد أصعب مشاكلنا
To bring prices down ……………………………………لكى نخفض الأسعار
A means to an end …………………………………………….وسيلة لغاية
In other words …………………………………………………..بمعنى أخر
On the other hand ……………………………………..….ومن ناحية أخرى
Her(its) pioneering role ………………………………..……..دورها الرائد
Everlasting peace ………………………………………..……..السلام الدائم
Were justice prevails …………………………………..….حيث تسود العدالة
Thanks to the policy of ………………………………..……..بفضل سياسة
Where there is no place for ……………………………..حيث لا يوجد مكان لـ
Statistics show that ………………………………………تبين الإحصائيات أن
Egypt is rich in its fascinating nature …………إن مصر غنية بطبيعتها الخلابة
It’s our duty to ……………………………………………. إنه من واجبنا أن
Is the only way to ……………………………………….. هي السبيل الوحيد لـ
Which we aspire to …………………………………….…… الذي نسعى إليه
In some people’s opinion ……………………………… في رأي بعض الناس
Life is a consonant struggle between ………...… إن الحياة كفاح متواصل بين
In my own point of view ……………………………….في رأي الشخصي
Prevails all countries of the third world ………. تسود كل دول العالم الثالث
Is it reasonable that …………………………………… هل من المعقول أن
Mass media plays a vital role in ………… تلعب وسائل الإعلام دور حيوي في
In no time …………………………………………………….في لمح البصر
Is considered a living evidence ……………………….… تعتبر دليل حي
Is not easy to uproot ………………………… ليست سهلة أن تقتلع من جذورها
For the sake of his country ………………………………….من اجل بلده
It paves the way ……………………………………………تمهد الطريق لـ
We can’t live a part from …………………… لا نستطيع أن نعيش في معزل عن
Success in life depends on ………………………يعتمد النجاح في الحياة علي
It can affect the public opinion …………….…يمكن أن تؤثر علي الرأي العام
The importance of scientific research
No one can deny the role which the scientific research plays in our life. The improvement of agriculture, industry and medicine achieved in the last centuries was the result of scientific research. Scientific researchers have an important role in solving our problems. There’s no doubt that scientific research plays an essential part in developing our society.
The governments, wealthy businessmen and big companies encourage scholars and researchers. They provide them with the necessary funds الموارد, They equipment the laboratories to carry out their researches. It is no doubt that scientific research is the cause of progress and prosperity.
Development of Education in Egypt
During the reign of President Mubarak, Egypt has achieved great progress in the field of education. Modern technology is introduced in the schools all over Egypt. All schools are nowadays provided with modern laboratories and libraries. Pupils are trained in using computers and log-going on to the internet .
According to the Mubarak kool Project, an agreement is issued between Egypt and Germany to provide the industrial Egyptian schools with the most up-to date techniques, machinery and equipment. I think it is a step forward to achieve progress which we aspire.
Our hopes in the third millennium
At the beginning of the third millennium, we have great hopes. Depending on the great development in the field of medicine, we hope to see the end of the serious diseases. We expect this millennium to be the end of wars, and hope to enjoy everlasting peace.
With the great progress in technology, we are sure to be able to solve our problems. Modern inventions and energy saving appliances and equipment will certainly make our life more comfortable. Scientific research is making great progress in various fields and science will reveal their secrets.
Modern technology plays an important role in the progress of many aspects: industry, agriculture, education, medicine and surgery. By applying technology, modern means of transport are faster, safer and more comfortable. Technology has enabled us to launch satellites
Modern means of communication enable us to get in touch with anybody in any place all over the world. Through the computer we can log onto the internet and surf the Web to get any information we need in any field of knowledge.
Thanks to modern technology our life became more comfortable and easier
Computers have become one of the necessities of our modern life. A computer has a perfect memory which can store thousands of data items on its hardware or on compact disks and C.Ds.
Through the computer, we can log on to the internet web to obtain any information we need, Thus the computer can help students to learn and do researches, and type and print their papers and theses in the world of business, the computer is used for sending and receiving e-mails and faxes. It is even used for shopping and selling through the Internet. Computer games are very popular among the young and the adults as an interesting means of entertainment.
Pollution is one of the double blessings of modern life. For example, modern means of transport enable man to travel comfortably and fast to any part of the world. Yet, trains, buses, trucks, cars, ships and aero-planes pollute the air with the smoke. Moreover, they cause sound pollution with their sirens horns and the noise of their engines.
In order to reduce the pollution and keep the environment cleaner, scientists made researches and produced fuels without lead additives. New laws are issued banning using harmful chemicals in food production. Planting more trees and fixing efficient filters to industrial factory will help to purify the air and keep the environment clean.
It is said that the youth are “half the present and all the future”. This is really true because the youth of today will be the men of tomorrow. If we don’t find them jobs, they would be idle and a burden on society. They can work under the hardest conditions in the deserts or in very cold climates
It is our duty to create job opportunities for them by carrying out different project which enables doctors, engineers, accountants, farmers to find jobs that suit their abilities and skills.
Even those who are not fit for a certain job can go through different conversion training courses to learn new professions.
Great achievements made in Egypt
Many great achievements have been made in Egypt during the twentieth century. The building of the High Dam South of Aswan was the greatest achievement carried out in the life of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Many other useful projects have been carried out for the good and welfare of the Egyptian people. Thousands of factories were set up to employ thousands of workers and increase the production.
During the reign of President Mubarak, great progress has been achieved in the fields of school ,university ,computer and technology.
Two satellites, Nile sat 1 and 2 are now on orbit. In the field of transport, two underground lines were carried out for the first time in the Middle East and Arab world. The Toshka Project is a great achievement that will use the surplus Nile flood water to reclaim thousands of feddans
The Best Qualities of a Good Friend
In fact man can't live alone. He needs to live with other , but we should be very careful when we choose our friends .The true friend helpful indeed because "A friend in need is a friend indeed"
The true friend is always ready to help his friends and those who are in need .The true friend should also be truthful and honest .He should keep secret and never tell lies .He shouldn't be selfish . Finally we can say that a true friend is as precious as gold .
The job you would like to have when u finish school.
When I finish school I’d like to join the Faculty of Engineering as I’d like to be an architect. I admire modern buildings and our country is in need of constructing thousands of buildings to provide comfortable housing for the youthful families in the new cities. By designing new original houses provided with the modern commodities. I’ll be able to share in solving the problem of the increasing population. I’ll design and build suitable comfortable homes to accommodate for the youth.
Different types of tourism
Tourism is an important source of national income in Egypt. There are different types of tourism which attract tourists to our country. The most common type is travelling for pleasure and relaxation. Tourists from cold countries in Europe, America and Asia come to Egypt in winter to enjoy our warm weather.
Medical tourism also has its resources in Egypt such as the natural hot water springs in El Eein El sokhna, Sinia and the Oases, which cure rheumatism .Some tourists come for adventure and exploration and go hunting wild animals and birds in Sinai, the West Desert, El Fayoum and the Oases. Many International and Arab conferences are held in Egypt where five star hotels, conference halls and centres accommodate for the attendants.
“The advantages and disadvantages of travelling abroad”
Travelling abroad has many advantages. By travelling to other countries, we see and learn a lot about many things, which we would have known nothing about, if we had stayed at home. Many students and scholars travel abroad to learn in the famous European and American Universities Besides many sick people travel for treatment in medical resorts and specialized hospitals abroad.
Thousands of young men travel abroad on business to make money.
Travelling abroad helps the youth to depend on themselves and gain self-reliance.
On the other hand travelling abroad has disadvantages. Homesickness in one of them. Another disadvantage is the possibility of gaining some bad habits which don’t cope with our Egyptian traditions and customs.
Living in the new cities.
Living in a new city has many advantages. New cities usually consist of different modern types of buildings, blocks of flats and villas surrounded with gardens. Flats in the new cities are normally cheaper than those in the old cities. In a new city, the streets are wide and well paved. The air is fresh and free from pollution as there are many lovely parks. You can easily find places for you children in the newly built schools.
New shops and supermarkets will provide the tenantsالسكان with all their needs at normal prices. Modern means of transport link the city with the surrounding cities and the capital. Last but not least, living in a new city is a good chance to make new friends.
Hard work leads to success
No one can deny that hard work is the golden key to success. Work is the only way to achieve our hopes in life, so we must do our best to get what we want .Those who work honestly reach success easily .Any society whose individuals work hard and honestly achieve great progress.
On the other side lazy people can't achieve success and fail in life.They don't work hard but wait for success to come to them.
Last but not least we must work hard and encourage other people to exert great effort to be successful in life.
Unhealthy habits
Unhealthy habits are harmful to the person himself and to those around him.. Smoking is one of the most popular bad habits. It leads to coughing, heavy breathing and cancer the smoker becomes an addict, a slave to the cigarette. Drinking much tea or coffee may lead to insomnia and affect the nerves.
Drinking alcohol spirits makes the person drunk and he becomes an alcoholic who can’t stop the habit which spoils his liver.
To be healthy, wealthy and wise one should avoid falling a victim of any unhealthy bad habit.
The Role of the Egyptian Woman in developing our society
The Egyptian woman plays an important part in developing our society. I think that the wise saying which says: “behind every great man there’s a woman that backs him up”, applies well the Egyptian woman
The Egyptian woman has already achieved her prestige in the high society. She occupies top positions and posts. There’s a woman teacher, doctor, engineer, lawyer, police officer, businesswoman, manager, banker and ever a minister. Mrs. Susan Mubarak, the President’s wife, leads the progress of the Egyptian woman in the field of social work and participates practically in solving our social problems
Money can buy a lot of things but not everything
Money is very important to us. Without money we can’t live. People work hard and do their best to earn as much money as they can. With enough money people can get what they need. Some people think that money can buy any thing and everything but they are mistaken. There are things that money can’t buy.
Money can’t buy health or happiness. Money can’t buy real spontaneous love. With a lot of money a wealthy person may get pretended love and flattery but not real faithful love from the heart.
The importance of reading
Reading books aims at filling the youth’ s leisure time with what benefits them and develop their lingual and cultural wealth. Reading is an interesting mean of spending leisure time and it adds more to our information We have to care for reading at schools and universities. Good books are treasures of human knowledge, wisdom and experience Therefore the government has established many libraries as Alex’s which provided with a lot of books and high technology .
It is the duty of teachers to encourage pupils to read much and develop the habit of reading among them. Mass media should throw the light on reading and its effect on society. Without reading our life would be dull and hard.
One of the main advantages of computers that let you get a lot of information. They let you communicate very quickly , by e-mail or using the internet . children enjoy using computers and this makes learning more exciting and interesting . Anther advantage is the large amounts of information can be stored on computers . Some factory jobs are now done by robots which are controlled by computers .
On the other hand on of the disadvantages of computers is that some children spend too much time playing computer games and thus they waste their time .
Last but not least whatever the drawbacks we cannot do without computers . indeed they have become part and parcel of our existence
Tourism is considered one of the most important earner of foreign currency and nation income tourists spend a lot of hard currency during their stay in Egypt . Tourists like to visit Egypt to enjoy the sun shine and the wonderful historic places . they like to visit the Citadel , the Pyramids , Luxor and Aswan . they like to see our modern renaissance as well . we should do our best to encourage tourists to visit us again and again . we should establish cheap hotels and tourist villages along our shores .
Though learning through the internet has it comfortable attitude , it really has its drawbacks. It shouldn't be the main means of learning and acquiring different types of information. It keeps a student away from the class teacher with whom he discusses the lesson till he is quite convinced, and also from his classmates with whom he participates in the discussion and gets benefit from it.
Besides, students would be able to practise school activities in the different areas. Moreover going to school, and spending a school day there, gives a student the opportunity to express himself in real life situations and find solutions to problems which he might face.
Learning takes place at every moment. We learn all through our lives. The Chinese say that learning takes place from birth to the grave. This shows that learning is a continuous process.
We learn to be fit for the future. We learn to get interesting jobs. We also learn to keep us busy if we have other aims in learning. We learn to develop professionally. We learn to acquire the skill necessary for our future careers. Since the society is all the time changing, so our learning must also develop to keep up with the changing conditions of society.. Life long learning goes hand in hand with self learning.
Camping means living away from home depending on yourself to satisfy your needs. Camps teach us co-operation, self-reliance and love of help to those who need it. Summer camps which suit students most as they are free during the summer.
In schools and at universities there are societies which organize such camps. There are daily camps, weekly camps and even whole summer camps are useful not only to the person but also to the society at large. If we pay attention to camps, we can keep our youth busy make them grow healthy and keep them away from bad habits.
Every country had its own traditions, customs, feasts and happy occasions. We must keep them because they make us different from other peoples of the world. In Egypt, we have religious, national and personal traditions. We have religious feasts which people keep apart from the religious meaning of the feast, children are most happy because it means new clothes. Much pocket money and free time.
National feasts commemorate those who sacrificed their lives, comfort and time for the safety of the country. In fact, national occasions elevate people to the rank of saints. If we just look at the monument of the unknown soldier. We will realize how many people have died as martyrs for their country.
As a matter of fact the number of population is increasing rapidly. There will be a shortage of food unless we increase the area of cultivated.
Reclaiming the desert and changing it into green lands leads to raising the standard of living and puts an end to many of our present problem.
The government does its best to solve the problem of irrigation because agriculture is considered an important source of our national income and hard currency. Reclaiming the desert and increasing the agricultural production help the state to carry out a lot of important projects .
In fact , good health is a valuable thing , a healthy person is always capable of performing well . when you are healthy you are able to go to your work on time . practising exercises is necessary for you to build a strong body . One should avoid the bad habits that cause diseases and destroy health . For example a smoker should give up smoking that causes heart and lung diseases . It is better for a person to prevent himself from disease to seek for cure . We should follow that proverb saying “ prevention is better than cure
Energy has a lot of sources , no doubt the sources of energy divided into renewable and non-renewable . Each of them is very important for us . non-renewable fuels which come from fossil fuels are essential in our daily life because our life depend on them such as petrol and gas which use at homes and factories ,but these sources will run out one day but Allah gives us a lot of sources of energy which last forever such as sun ,wind and water .energy is a gift from Allah so we should save our energy
In the past most societies were male dominated, women were completely deprived of practising their rights , especially the political rights . Women suffered a lot from illiteracy and even gender discrimination. She was not allowed to take part in any social activities or even to express herself freely. She was greatly humiliated and oppressed by man.
At present women asserted all her right including her political rights. They have struggled hard and bitterly to assert such rights and to be treated on an equal footing with man. At present women participate actively in all social and environmental projects .
No doubt , unemployment is a very serious problem in our society . a lot of university graduates cannot find a job after graduation . Now, we have an army of unemployed youth . Such an army could destroy our society if the problem remained unsolved . Some sociologists say that one of the main causes of terrorism and addiction is the problem of unemployment .
A lot of unemployed youth joined terrorist group as a protection against the policy of the state in the field of economy. Thus, unless we helped our youth to start a good life ,they would form a threat to the structure of our society. Finally , the government should be more serious in solving the problem of unemployment
There is no doubt that addiction is a very serious problem in our society . it threatens our youth and destroys their lives
Addiction leads some bad people to commit crimes. They kill people and rob banks to get money . they spread fear among citizens and cause great danger to our society .
Therefore , the state works hard to put an end to this serious problem . It struggles against drug-sellers and puts them into prison to protect the society from their evils. Besides, it makes awareness programmes to save our youth from this epidemic .
The youth should first work hard to achieve success. Wishes and dreams all that depend on their struggle . When they graduate from their universities they have duties towards their society . They can share in the social work by working in the co-operative field. The government carries out many projects to let them to share as they can share in abolishing illiteracy in our villages.
They can take part in reclaiming the desert to increase food production. We couldn’t forget that our state opened its training center to train graduations on modern technology and offered job opportunities for them . They can join the army to defend their country in case there is war.
